Introduction:
In the first half of 2007, I was invited by Carlos and Ivaní Carvalho of the Pousada Rio Azul to undertake a preliminary survey of the Amazonian fishing lodge’s avifauna and to assess the area’s potential for birding tourism. Scott Olmstead had a few free days available in Mato Grosso in late July between leading Tropical Birding tours in Ecuador and Brasil, and I invited him to join me at the Rio Azul.
Location:
The Pousada Rio Azul lies 120 kilometres north of Alta Floresta (Mato Grosso), though it is located in the municipality of Novo Progresso (Pará). The lodge is situated on the left bank of the Rio São Benedito II (known locally as the Rio Azul) in the south of the state of Pará. The São Benedito II is an affluent of the Rio São Benedito in the Tapajós-Xingú interfluvium. The pousada lies within a state sport-fishing reserve protecting the forests flanking the São Benedito and Azul rivers. On the right bank of the Rio Azul lies the Serra do Cachimbo Air Force Base and its reserve of more than 2 million hectares of undisturbed southeastern Amazon rainforest.
Access:
The lodge is 120 kilometres north of Alta Floresta on rough roads passing through cattle ranches and forest fragments of varying sizes. This trip took us 4 hours and 50 minutes including a number of birding stops. With fewer stops it can be done in as little as 3.5 to 4 hours in the 4-wheel drive vehicles of the pousada.
Alta Floresta is easily accessible by air and road. There are two flights daily from Cuiabá with the TRIP and BRA/Ocean Air airlines. The TRIP flight is considerably more expensive, leaving Cuiabá around noon and arriving in Alta Floresta just before 1400. The BRA flight arrives in Alta Floresta around midnight, but is a much shorter flight and costs just a little more than the bus. Cuiabá has many daily connections with São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Brasilia. The bus trip from Cuiabá takes between 12 and 15 hours in comfortable coaches with the Satelite, Real Norte, or Medianeira companies – there are a number of departures daily.
The lodge:
The lodge is located in a clearing set some 200 metres back from the Rio Azul. The Carvalhos currently have two comfortable cabins with triple occupancy, and construction was nearing completion on a third larger cabin. The cabins all have ceiling fans and air conditioning, as well as electrically heated showers in private bathrooms. There are electrical outlets in the rooms and the restaurant to charge batteries in the evenings. Electricity is provided by a generator which is typically run only in the evenings (to about 10 PM). With smaller groups, the Carvalhos typically use a smaller generator (less noise, less pollution) if the guests don’t mind going without air-conditioning or hot water. We never asked them to turn on the big generator, as it was quite comfortable with the fan on after lunch and in the early evening; at night and pre-dawn the temperatures were typically cool enough for Scott to reach for a sweater (I didn’t have one).
Meals are served in the restaurant, which is a screened-in building that keeps the insects out and allows air flow in. The food was consistently excellent, typically consisting of local Brazilian dishes and delicious fresh fish. Vegetarian meals can be prepared on request. Breakfast can be taken at any time of the morning – fishing and birding hours are often the same.
The lodge can comfortably accommodate groups of 6 to 10 guests, depending on occupancy preferences. The Carvalhos prefer to attend no more than one group at a time, and will not attend sport fishermen and birders simultaneously. They have indicated a sincere desire to increase the flow of birders and eco-tourists to their lodge, in the hope that they may phase out sport-fishing entirely in the future. They are planning to increase their capacity slightly with the construction of a new cabin, perhaps as soon as later this year.
Climate:
The climate at Pousada Rio Azul is typical of the southeast Brazilian Amazon. There are two distinct seasons, the wet and dry, falling between December-March and May-August, respectively. During our stay it was quite dry, but the forest understorey seemed to be in better condition and unstressed in comparison with forests further south on the Rio Cristalino near Alta Floresta, which we both visited afterward. Temperatures tended to be quite hot during mid-day until about 16:00, pleasant during the mornings, and generally quite cool in the evenings and at night.
Habitats:
The Pousada Rio Azul is well-situated for the needs of many a birder.
The trip by road from Alta Floresta travels through mostly degraded habitat which has been logged and cleared for cattle ranching. An interesting stop can be made at a Mauritia palm swamp some 15-20 km from town, where Red-bellied Macaw, Fork-tailed Palm-Swift, Point-tailed Palmcreeper and Sulphury Flycatcher are all resident. After one crosses the Rio Teles Pires by ferry barge, the road passes through several forested areas where we found interesting mixed flocks during the heat of the day. There are also a few ponds which yield commoner water birds. Parrots, Pearl Kites, and other raptors should be looked for along the road.
Upon arrival at the "Fazenda Rio Azul", the birder encounters the first habitat of real interest: a small campina or caatinga-type scrub forest, stunted vegetation on white sand soil of canopy height to 5-8 m with many terrestrial bromeliads and other creeping groundcover. This micro-habitat is located on the entrance track no more than a kilometre from the lodge. The avifauna hosts a number of species typical of Amazonian caatingas including Green-tailed Goldenthroat, Natterer’s Slaty-Antshrike, White-fringed Antwren, Lesser Elaenia, Pale-bellied Mourner, Black Manakin, Xenopsaris, and Plush-crested Jay. Future effort in this habitat should find Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin and Red-shouldered Tanager.
The transitional forest between the low white sand caatinga and the taller terra firme forest is excellent for manakins, and Cinnamon Manakin-Tyrant should occur; this area also looks excellent for Bronzy Jacamar and Rusty-breasted Nunlet. In the dry season the thick leaf litter in this transitional forest makes finding difficult terrestrial species such at tinamous, wood-quail, and cracids easier to detect foraging or walking on the forest floor.
A good trail through tall and transitional forests loops from the lodge clearing to the riverbank and returns to the lodge. This is good for woodcreepers including Spix's, Red-billed and Black-banded, many manakins (particularly Fiery-capped, Red-headed and White-crowned), as well as several species of Myrmotherula antwrens. There is a Pavonine Quetzal territory around the lodge clearing, and our local guide Natal said he has seen as many as four individuals on the loop trail in one day. Other interesting sightings from the clearing included Blackish Nightjar (common), a Yellow-browed Antbird territory near the path to the boat landing, and several sightings of an undescribed species of Phaethornis hermit known from a couple of sites in Mato Grosso.
An old track once used to take boats upstream around a set of rapids is now closed off thanks to treefalls, but makes for an excellent birding trail. Transitional and igapó forest along this track was good for Brown-banded Puffbird (two different territories), Rufous-necked Puffbird, Snow-capped and Flame-crowned Manakins, Fulvous-crested Tanager, and Tooth-billed Wren and Guianan Gnatcatcher in canopy flocks. Chestnut-belted (Snethlage's) Gnateater is abundant. A small antswarm had a number of obligate ant-followers including White-chinned Woodcreeper, Scale-backed Antbird, White-backed Fire-eye, Black-spotted Bare-eye and Bare-eyed Antbird. Natal has seen a Neomorphus ground-cuckoo once in this area following White-lipped Peccaries.
The Rio Azul itself also provided good birding. We had a flock of 8 Bald Parrots fly in and land beside the river, feeding in the open long enough to land the boat and get them in the scope. This species is fairly common at the Pousada Rio Azul, and we registered it on 5 of our 8 days. Another major highlight was the discovery of 3 or 4 Crimson Topaz defending flowering trees and hawking insects over the river. Once we discovered the spot it was possible to see the birds reliably with the use of playback on other dates. Downstream from the lodge the Rio Azul winds through a number of habitats: low "cerrado" forest on poor sandy spoils, taller igapó, tiny oxbows, mixed Mauritia palm groves, and back to taller forest where we were somewhat surprised to find a much sought-after Amazonian habitat...
The presence of large intact stands of Guadua bamboo along the Rio Azul is bound to be a major attraction. The Carvalhos have made access arrangements with a neighbouring fazenda to allow them to take birders along old logging roads passing through both pure tracts of bamboo and patches of bamboo mixed with forest. We recommended that a couple of short trails be cut into some of the larger areas for birders to see bamboo specialists such as Chestnut-throated Spinetail, Chestnut-crowned and Dusky-cheeked Foliage-gleaners, Striated and Manu Antbirds, Dot-winged ("Emilia's") Antwren, and Large-headed Flatbill. We see no reason why scarcer species such as the undescribed Cabanis'-type Synallaxis spinetail, Peruvian Recurvebill, and Black-and-white Tody-Flycatcher could not also occur.
The vast stands of bamboo form a habitat mosaic with selectively-logged tall terra firme forest, easily birded from narrow abandoned logging roads. Birding along these tracks allows good views of canopy and subcanopy flocks, as well as soaring and perched raptors. BD had planned to dedicate a full morning to exploring a promising track to see where it led, but by 09:00 had managed to walk less than 500 metres! Birding around an old clearing used to load logging trucks produced goodies such as perched Bald Parrot, Pavonine Quetzal, Great Jacamar, Black-girdled Barbet, Red-necked Aracari, and Guianan Gnatcatcher. Clear views of the canopy allowed us to sit and study a number of hummingbirds at a flowering tree, including Black-bellied Thorntail, White-chinned Sapphire, and Versicoloured Emerald. While the habitat itself is not as pretty as other Amazonian lodges deep within pristine forest, the network of old narrow tracks provides excellent birding opportunities. Further disturbance in this area is unlikely due to the creation of a state sport-fishing reserve mandating protection of the river’s margins. The Carvalhos are discussing incentives with the neighbouring cattle ranches to preserve these good birding areas by preventing unauthorized access, and to encourage a limited amount of maintenance to keep a few of the tracks from overgrowing completely.
Birding on another nearby fazenda provided for excellent views and photographic opportunities of a number of hawks, parrots, and toucans. The two neighbouring fazendas both have reported a small population of Hyacinth Macaw in the area. Carlos himself has seen them on a few occasions. This is presumably an offshoot population of the species' Amazonian stronghold on the Serra do Cachimbo.
A week was obviously not enough time to properly explore the area. The Carvalhos plan to set up a forward camp downstream near an area with serras, rocky domes with stunted vegetation which typically hold a different avifauna. They have also applied for permission to open a couple of trails across the river in the Air Force forest reserve, an intriguing possibility to explore an unspoiled wilderness area.
Recommendations:
The Pousada Rio Azul has the potential to emerge as a good complementary destination with the better-known Cristalino Jungle Lodge closer to Alta Floresta. With more visits, the site list for Rio Azul should increase as we undoubtedly missed many rare, migrant or low-density species. We also missed a number of species that should be common in the area; it remains to be seen whether they are actually absent or simply went unnoticed in our short stay. Until the avifauna and locations for birds are better known, birders planning a visit to the Rio Azul should also plan to visit Cristalino, if for no other reason than to bird from their excellent canopy tower. However, a number of species which are rare at Cristalino appear to be common at the Rio Azul - examples include Pavonine Quetzal, Red-billed Woodcreeper, Black-banded Woodcreeper, Yellow-browed Antbird and Guianan Gnatcatcher. A handful of species found during our visit to the Rio Azul are unknown at Cristalino or represented by only one or two records: Bald Parrot, Crimson Topaz, Green-tailed Goldenthroat, Pale-bellied Mourner, Black Manakin, Plush-crested Jay, Fulvous-crested Tanager. Several of these species occur in the low sandy campina habitat which is present at Pousada Rio Azul but absent from the taller forests closer to Alta Floresta.
Generally speaking, visiting birders tend to combine the Amazonian forests around Alta Floresta with the Pantanal and often Chapada dos Guimarães. Given the diversity of spectacular and enigmatic birds on offer in the southern Amazon, it often amazes me that birders will spend equal amounts of time in Alta Floresta and Pantanal/Chapada. Spending extra time in the Amazon only increases the chances of seeing a special bird such as a rare/large raptor (Crested/Harpy Eagle) or unusual hummingbird (Gould's Jewelfront, Fiery-tailed Awlbill, Crimson Topaz). Spending extra time divided between two locations in the Amazon (Cristalino and the Rio Azul) will diversify vacation experiences and birdlists alike.
Contact:
The Pousada Rio Azul is on the web at http://www.pousadarioazul.com.br . I believe they are currently (20 Aug '07) updating their site and thus it may be offline. The Carvalhos do not speak English, but reading it should be fine so direct emailing to Carlos and Ivaní Carvalho should be possible to pousadarioazul AT gmail DOT com. Interested birders may also contact the author of this report for further information. BD is planning to run a trip to the Rio Azul and Cristalino Jungle Lodge in mid to late May of 2008, with a special focus on the Rio Azul to continue surveying its birds.
Unusual species or species of interest are in bold. Documentation in the form of tape recording or photograph was recorded for the majority of the species listed here. Any queries or corrections should be directed to the author of this report.
Tinamidae (Tinamous)
Gray Tinamou Tinamus tao
Great Tinamou Tinamus major
White-throated Tinamou Tinamus guttatus
Cinereous Tinamou Crypturellus cinereus
Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui
Brown Tinamou Crypturellus obsoletus
Brazilian Tinamou Crypturellus strigulosis
Variegated Tinamou Crypturellus variegatus
Tataupa Tinamou Crypturellus tataupa
Anatidae (Ducks)
Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata
Brazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis
Cracidae (Guans)
Speckled Chachalaca Ortalis guttata
Spix’s Guan Penelope jacquacu
Red-throated Piping-Guan Pipile cujubi
Razor-billed Curassow Mitu tuberosa
Odontophoridae (New World Quails)
Starred Wood-Quail Odontophorus stellatus
A pair of wood-quails closely matching this species and not resembling any Marbled Wood-Quails we have seen on the Rio Cristalino or elsewhere in northern MT or southern PA was closely observed on 2 dates. We have tentatively listed our birds as stellatus, well aware of the biogeographic implications of such a record, while we continue to review our documentation against specimens and recordings.
Podicipedidae (Grebes)
Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus
Phalacrocoracidae (Cormorants)
Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus
Anhingidae (Anhingidae)
Anhinga Anhinga anhinga
Ardeidae (Herons)
Striated Heron Butorides striata
Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
Capped Heron Pilherodius pileatus
Threskiornithidae (Ibises)
Green Ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis
Ciconiidae (Storks)
American Wood Stork Mycteria americana
Cathartidae (New World Vultures)
Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura
Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus
Greater Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes melambrotus
Black Vulture Coragyps atratus
King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa
Accipitridae (Hawks)
Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus
Pearl Kite Gampsonyx swainsonii
White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus
Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis
Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus
Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea
Bicolored Hawk Accipiter bicolor
White-browed Hawk Leucopternis kuhli
White Hawk Leucopternis albicollis
Great Black-Hawk Buteogallus urubutinga
Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris
Gray Hawk Buteo nitidis
Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus
White-tailed Hawk Buteo albicaudatus
Black Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus
Ornate Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus ornatus
Falconidae (Falcons)
Black Caracara Daptrius ater
Red-throated Caracara Ibycter americanus
Southern Caracara Caracara plancus
Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans
Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis
American Kestrel Falco sparverius
Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis
Rallidae (Rails)
Russet-crowned Crake Anurolimnas viridis
Eurypygidae (Sunbittern)
Sunbittern Eurypyga helias
Charadriidae (Plovers)
Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis
Jacanidae (Jacanas)
Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana
Columbidae (Pigeons)
Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti
Blue Gound-Dove Claravis pretiosa
Picazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro
Plumbeous Pigeon Patagioenas plumbea
Ruddy Pigeon Patagioenas subvinacea
Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla
Ruddy Quail-Dove Geotrygon montana
Psittacidae (Parrots)
Blue-and-yellow Macaw Ara ararauna
Scarlet Macaw Ara macao
Red-and-green Macaw Ara chloropterus
Chestnut-fronted Macaw Ara severus
Red-bellied Macaw Orthopsittaca manilata
White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalma
Painted Parakeet Pyrrhura picta
Dusky-billed Parrotlet Forpus sclateri
Golden-winged Parakeet Brotogeris chrysoptera
Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet Touit huetii
White-bellied Parrot Pionites leucogaster
Bald Parrot Gypopsitta aurantiocephala
Recorded on 5 dates, usually single individuals or pairs. A group of 8 bird tape-recorded and photographed on 31/07.
Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus
Blue-fronted Parrot Amazona aestiva
Yellow-crowned Parrot Amazona ochrocephala
Kawall’s Parrot Amazona kawalli
Orange-winged Parrot Amazona amazonica
Red-fan Parrot Deroptyus accipitrinus
Opisthocomidae (Hoatzin)
Hoatzin Opisthocomus hoazin
Cuculidae (Cuckoos)
Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana
Black-bellied Cuckoo Piaya melanogaster
Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani
Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia
Strigidae (Owls)
Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl Megascops watsonii
Spectacled Owl Pulsatrix perspicillata
Amazonian Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium hardyi
Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia
Caprimulgidae (Nightjars)
Short-tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus
Common Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis
Silky-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus sericocaudatus
Blackish Nightjar Caprimulgus nigrescens
Apodidae (Swifts)
Great Dusky Swift Cypseloides senex
Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris
Pale-rumped Swift Chaetura egregia
Amazonian Swift Chaetura viridipennis
Short-tailed Swift Chaetura brachyura
Fork-tailed Palm-Swft Tachornis squamata
Trochilidae (Hummingbirds)
Crimson Topaz Topaza pella
Three or four birds seen and tape-recorded on 31/07 from the Rio Azul; a pair was re-found at the same site on 03/08 with the use of tape.
White-necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora
undescribed Hermit species Phaethornis sp. nov
Reddish Hermit Phaethornis ruber
Long-tailed Hermit Phaethornis superciliosus
Gray-breasted Sabrewing Campylopterus largipennis
Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis
Black-bellied Thorntail Discosura langsdorffi
Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata
White-chinned Sapphire Hylocharis cyanus
Green-tailed Goldenthroat Polytmus theresiae
Versicolored Emerald Amazilia versicolor
Black-eared Fairy Heliothryx auritus
Trogonidae (Trogons)
Pavonine Quetzal Pharomachrus pavoninus
White-tailed Trogon Trogon viridis
Blue-crowned Trogon Trogon curucui
Violaceous Trogon Trogon violaceus
Collared Trogon Trogon collaris
Black-tailed Trogon Trogon melanurus
Alcedinidae (Kingfishers)
Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata
Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona
Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana
Green-and-rufous Kingfisher Chloroceryle inda
American Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea
Momotidae (Motmots)
Broad-billed Motmot Electron platyrhynchum
Blue-crowned Motmot Momotus momota
Galbulidae (Jacamars)
Brown Jacamar Brachygalba lugubris
Blue-cheeked Jacamar Galbula cyanicollis
Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda
Paradise Jacamar Galbula dea
Great Jacamar Jacamerops aureus
Bucconidae (Puffbirds)
Brown-banded Puffbird Notharchus ordii
Pied Puffbird Notharchus tectus
Collared Puffbird Bucco capensis
Rufous-necked Puffbird Malacoptila rufa
Black-fronted Nunbird Monasa nigrifrons
White-fronted Nunbird Monasa morphoeus
Swallow-wing Chelidoptera tenebrosa
Capitonidae (New World Barbets)
Black-girdled Barbet Capito dayi
Ramphastidae (Toucans)
White-throated Toucan Ramphastos tucanus
Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellinus
Gould’s Toucanet Selenidera gouldii
Lettered Aracari Pteroglossus inscriptus
Red-necked Aracari Pteroglossus bitorquatus
Chestnut-eared Aracari Pteroglossus castanotis
Curl-crested Aracari Pteroglossus beauharnaesii
Picidae (Woodpeckers)
Bar-breasted Piculet Picumnus aurifrons
Yellow-tufted Woodpecker Melanerpes cruentatus
Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus
Red-stained Woodpecker Veniliornis affinis
Yellow-throated Woodpecker Piculus flavigula
Chestnut Woodpecker Celeus elegans
Ringed Woodpecker Celeus torquatus
Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus
Red-necked Woodpecker Campephilus rubricollis
Crimson-crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos
Furnariidae (Ovenbirds)
Plain-crowned Spinetail Synallaxis gujanensis
Chestnut-throated Spinetail Synallaxis cherriei
Striped Woodhaunter Hylostictes subulatus
Rufous-tailed Foliage-gleaner Philydor ruficaudatum
Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner Philydor erythrocercum
Chestnut-winged Foliage-gleaner Philydor erythropterum
Dusky-cheeked Foliage-gleaner Anabazenops dorsalis
Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner Automolus ochrolaemus
Pará Foliage-gleaner Automolus paraensis
Chestnut-crowned Foliage-gleaner Automolus rufipileatus
Slender-billed Xenops Xenops tenuirostris
Plain Xenops Xenops minutus
(Woodcreepers)
White-chinned Woodcreeper Dendrocincla merula
Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus
Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorhynchus spirurus
Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper Dendrexetastes rufigula
Red-billed Woodcreeper Hylexetastes perrotii
Amazonian Barred-Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes certhia
Black-banded Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes picumnus
Straight-billed Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus picus
Striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus obsoletus
Spix’s Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus spixii
Buff-throated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatus
Lineated Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes albolineatus
Thamnophilidae (Typical Antbirds)
Fasciated Antshrike Cymbilaimus lineatus
Glossy Antshrike Sakesphorus luctuosus
Chestnut-backed Antshrike Thamnophilus palliatus
Plain-winged Antshrike Thamnophilus schistaceus
Natterer’s Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus stictocephalus
Amazonian Antshrike Thamnophilus amazonicus
Saturnine Antshrike Thamnomanes saturninus
Cinereous Antshrike Thamnomanes caesius
Spot-winged Antshrike Pygiptila stellaris
White-eyed Antwren Epinecrophylla leucophthalma
Pygmy Antwren Myrmotherula brachyura
Sclater’s Antwren Myrmotherula sclateri
Amazonian Streaked-Antwren Myrmotherula multostriata
Plain-throated Antwren Myrmotherula hauxwelli
White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris
Long-winged Antwren Myrmotherula longipennis
Gray Antwren Myrmotherula menetriesii
Rufous-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus
Dot-winged Antwren Microrhopias quixensis
White-fringed Antwren Formicivora grisea
Striated Antbird Drymophila devillei
Gray Antbird Cercomacra cinerascens
Blackish Antbird Cercomacra nigrescens
Manu Antbird Cercomacra manu
White-backed Fire-eye Pyriglena leuconota
White-browed Antbird Myrmoborus leucophrys
Black-faced Antbird Myrmoborus myiotherinus
Spix’s Warbling-Antbird Hypocnemis striata
Yellow-browed Antbird Hypocnemis hypoxantha
Silvered Antbird Sclateria naevia
Spot-winged Antbird Schistocichla leucostigma
Black-throated Antbird Myrmeciza atrothorax
Bare-eyed Antbird Rhegmatorhina gymnops
Spot-backed Antbird Hylophylax naevius
Dot-backed Antbird Hylophylax punctulatus
Scale-backed Antbird Hylophylax poecilinotus nigrigula
Black-spotted Bare-eye Phlegopsis nigromaculata
Formicariidae (Antthrushes)
Rufous-capped Antthrush Formicarius colma
Black-faced Antthrush Formicarius analis
Grallariidae (Antpittas)
Thrush-like Antpitta Myrmothera campanisoma
Conopophagidae (Gnateaters)
Chestnut-belted Gnateater Conopophaga aurita
Tyrannidae (Tyrant Flycatchers)
Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet Tyrannulus elatus
Forest Elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii
Lesser Elaenia Elaenia chiriquensis
White-lored Tyrannulet Ornithion inerme
Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum
Ringed Antpipit Corythopis torquatus
Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus
Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus
Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant Myornis ecaudatus
Helmeted Pygmy-Tyrant Lophotriccus galeatus
White-bellied Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus griseipectus
Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus latirostris
Spotted Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum maculatum
Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum
Yellow-margined Flycatcher Tolmomyias assimiis
Gray-crowned Flycatcher Tolmomyias poliocephalus
Yellow-breasted Flycatcher Tolmomyias flaviventris
Golden-crowned Spadebill Platyrinchus coronatus
White-crested Spadebill Playrinchus platyrhynchos
Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus
Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus
Black-tailed Flycatcher Myiobius atricaudatus
Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher Terenotriccus erythrurus
Euler’s Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri
Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus
Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius
Rusty-margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis
Dusky-chested Flycatcher Myiozetetes luteiventris
Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus
Lesser Kiskadee Pitangus lictor
Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus
Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua
Sulphury Flycatcher Tyrannopsis sulphurea
Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius
Crowned Slaty-Flycatcher Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus
White-throated Kingbird Tyrannus albogularis
Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus
Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana
Grayish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex
Pale-bellied Mourner Rhytipterna immunda
Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer
Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox
Large-headed Flatbill Ramphotrigon megacephalum
Rufous-tailed Flatbill Ramphotrigon ruficauda
Bright-rumped Attila Attila spadiceus
Cotingidae (Cotingas)
Plum-throated Cotinga Cotinga maynana
Spangled Cotinga Cotinga cayana
Screaming Piha Lipaugus vociferans
Bare-necked Fruitcrow Gymnoderus foetidus
Pipridae (Manakins)
Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin Tyranneutes stolzmanni
Fiery-capped Manakin Machaeropterus pyrocephalus
Snow-capped Manakin Lepidothrix nattereri
Blue-backed Manakin Chiroxiphia pareola
Black Manakin Xenopipo atronitens
Flame-crowned Manakin Heterocercus linteatus
White-crowned Manakin Pipra pipra
Red-headed Manakin Pipra rubrocapilla
Incertae sedis
Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata
Varzea Schiffornis Schiffornis major
Thrush-like Schiffornis Schiffornis turdinus
White-browed Purpletuft Iodopleura isabellae
White-naped Xenopsaris Xenopsaris albinucha
Chestnut-crowned Becard Pachryamphus castaneus
White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus
Black-capped Becard Pachyramphus marginatus
Pink-throated Becard Pachyramphus minor
Wing-barred Piprites Piprites chloris
Vireonidae (Vireos)
Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis
Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo Vireolanius leucotis
Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus
Gray-chested Greenlet Hylophilus semicinereus
Dusky-capped Greenlet Hylophilus hypoxantha
Corvidae (Jays)
Plush-crested Jay Cyanocorax chrysops
Hirundinidae (Swallows)
White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer
White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa
Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea
White-banded Swallow Atticora fasciata
White-thighed Swallow Neochelidon tibialis
S. Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
Troglodytidae (Wrens)
Scaly-breasted Wren Microcerculus marginatus
Tooth-billed Wren Odontorchilus cinereus
House Wren Troglodytes aedon
Thrush-like Wren Campylorhynchus turdinus
Moustached Wren Thryothorus genibarbis
Buff-breasted Wren Thryothorus leucotis
Musician Wren Cyphorhinus arada
Polioptilidae (Gnatcatchers)
Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus
Guianan Gnatcatcher Polioptila guianensis
Turdidae (Thrushes)
Turdus fumigatus/hauxwelli
White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis
Thraupidae (Tanagers)
Magpie Tanager Cissopis leverianus
Red-billed Pied Tanager Lamprospiza melanoleuca
Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristatus
Fulvous-crested Tanager Tachyphonus surinamus
White-shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus
White-winged Shrike-Tanager Lanio versicolor
Silver-beaked Tanager Ramphocelus carbo
Blue-gray Tanager Thraupis episcopus
Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum
Turquoise Tanager Tangara mexicana
Paradise Tanager Tangara chilensis
Green-and-gold Tanager Tangara schrankii
Bay-headed Tanager Tangara gyrola
Blue-necked Tanager Tangara cyanicollis
Masked Tanager Tangara nigrocincta
Opal-rumped Tanager Tangara velia
Swallow Tanager Tersina viridis
Black-faced Dacnis Dacnis lineata
Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana
Short-billed Honeycreeper Cyanerpes nitidus
Purple Honeycreeper Cyanerpes caeruleus
Yellow-backed Tanager Hemithraupis flavicollis
Incertae sedis
Bananaquit Coereba flaveola
Emberizidae (Sparrows)
Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis
Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina
Pectoral Sparrow Arremon taciturnus
Red-capped Cardinal Paroaria gularis
Cardinalidae (Grosbeaks)
Slate-colored Grosbeak Saltator grossus
Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus
Blue-black Grosbeak Cyanocompsa cyanoides
Parulidae (Wood-warblers)
Rose-breasted Chat Granatellus pelzelni
Icteridae (Blackbirds)
Olive Oropendola Psarocolius bisfasciatus
Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela
Epaulet Oriole Icterus cayanensis
Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus
Fringillidae (Finches)
Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica
Thick-billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris
Golden-bellied Euphonia Euphonia chrysopasta
White-vented Euphonia Euphonia minuta
Rufous-bellied Euphonia Euphonia rufiventris
= 351 species