ITINERARY
September 3rd: Early start and birding Huacarpay Lake. Then to Huambutio bridge for Bearded Mountaneer. Later, Huaypo lake. Overnight in Cuzco.
September 4th: We started in Cuzco, and went to Paucartambo via Pisac. Then we crossed the Acjanaco pass and overnighted at Wayquecha Research Station.
September 5th: Birding around Wayquecha, down to the Pillahuata area. Overnight at Wayquecha.
September 6th: Birding around Wayquecha in the morning, and late morning we started heading down to Cock of the Rock Lodge. Overnight at Cock of the Rock Lodge.
September 7th - 9th: Birding around Cock of the Rock Lodge. We went up and down the road at the Lodge, and we visited the lek twice to get better photos.
September 10th: Early breakfast and then we started birding down the Manu road, on our way to Villa Carmen, where we spent the night. We birded all the afternoon at Villa Carmen.
September 11th: Early start at Villa Carmen birding through the morning until lunch. After lunch we headed down to Atalaya, where we took the boat to Amazonia lodge. Overnight at Amazonia lodge.
September 12th-13th: Birding Amazonia lodge and its nice trails. We had a chance to visit the tower.
September 14th: We spent most of the day travelling by boat down the Madre de Dios River towards Manu Wildlife Center.
September 15th-19th: We spent 5 nights in this beautiful lodge that has an amazing trail system. There were days where we left the lodge to go to the Blanquillo Claylick to watch the macaws, a spectacular event. Other days we left with the boat down river to visit two oxbow lakes: Camungo and Blanco. One of them has a huge canopy tower, great for watching canopy activity. We visited these lakes on different days. Close to the Manu Wildlife Center Lodge there is a Canopy tower as well, which is good to visit any time, plus we made two night owling excursions.
September 20th: On the last day we left early in the morning to visit the Antthrush Trail and then continued going down the river to go to Colorado Port and to Puerto Maldonado. Overnight in Cabaña Quinta in Puerto Maldonado.
September 21st: After breakfast we went to bird nearby Puerto Maldonado at 2 specific hotspots: Pastora road and La Cachuela. After birding we had time to go back to the hotel to get our luggage and get to the airport to catch our flight back to Lima.
SPECIES LIST
TINAMOUS
Hooded Tinamou (Nothocercus nigrocapillus). Heard only, below Cock of the Rock Lodge.
Cinereous Tinamou (Crypturellus cinereus). Heard only, at several sites. Very common to hear but hard to see.
Little Tinamou (Crypturellus soui). Heard only, at Amazonia Lodge & MWC.
Brown Tinamou (Crypturellus obsoletus). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Undulated Tinamou (Crypturellus undulatus). Heard several times. Very common. A few of us got views at Amazonia lodge.
Black-capped Tinamou (Crypturellus atrocapillus). Heard only, at Villa Carmen and at Amazonia Lodge, mostly in Bamboo. Range Restricted.
Bartlett's Tinamou (Crypturellus bartletti). Heard only, at Manu Wildlife Center.
SCREAMERS
Horned Screamer (Anhima cornuta). Great views at Cocha Blanco.
DUCKS AND GEESE
Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata). Seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Yellow-billed Teal (Anas flavirostris). Seen at Huacarpay and near Paucartambo.
Yellow-billed Pintail (Anas georgica). Seen at Huacarpay.
Puna Teal (Anas puna). Seen at Huacarpay.
Cinnamon Teal (Anas cyanoptera). Seen at Huacarpay.
Andean Duck (Oxyura ferruginea). Seen at Huacarpay. The SACC says “Andean populations of Ruddy Duck (O. jamaicensis) have often (e.g., Hellmayr & Conover 1948a, Siegfried 1976, Sibley & Ahlquist 1990, AOU 1998, Ridgely et al. 2001, Jaramillo 2003) been treated as a separate species, O. ferruginea ("Andean Duck" or "Andean Ruddy-Duck"). However, see Adams and Slavid (1984), Fjeldså (1986), and McCracken & Sorenson (2005) for rationale for treating them as conspecific, as done previously (e.g., Blake 1977, Johnsgard 1979), and then followed by Fjeldså & Krabbe (1990) and Carboneras (1992f). Siegfried (1976) and Livezey (1995) considered ferruginea to be more closely related to O. vittata than to O. jamaicensis, but McCracken & Sorenson (2005) showed that this is incorrect.” Go and chew that one over! In short it is split from O. jamaicensis (Ridgely & Greenfield 2001; Jaramillo 2003. All authorities now recognize this split.
Puna Teal. Seen along the road near Wayquecha.
GUANS
Spix's Guan (Penelope jacquacu). Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Named after the German naturalist and collector in Brazil (1781-1826) Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix.
Blue-throated Piping-Guan (Pipile cumanensis). Common. Seen at Amazonia Lodge, Manu Wildlife Center and along the Madre de Dios river.
Speckled Chachalaca (Ortalis guttata). A very common bird of Amazonian lowlands. Common in more lightly wooded and forest edge areas in the lowlands.
Razor-billed Curassow (Mitu tuberosum). Seen along the Madre de Dios river.
NEW WORLD QUAIL
Starred Wood-Quail (Odontophorus stellatus). Heard only, at Amazonia Lodge.
GREBES
White-tufted Grebe (Rollandia rolland). Seen in Huacarpay. Rollandia: Specific name Podiceps rolland. rolland= In honor of Thomas Pierre Rolland, Master Gunner (1776-1847) French Navy, of the corvette L’Uranie which circled the globe 1817-1848.
PIGEONS AND DOVES
Rock Pigeon (Columba livia). Introduced species and common. Feral population.
Spot-winged Pigeon (Patagioenas maculosa). Seen in Huacarpay and on the way to Paucartambo.
Pale-vented Pigeon (Patagioenas cayennensis). Seen several times, but close views at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Also, along the Madre de Dios river.
Plumbeous Pigeon (Patagioenas plumbea). A common species from the foothills down to the Amazon. Good views at Cock-of-the- Rock Lodge.
Ruddy Pigeon (Patagioenas subvinacea). Seen at Villa Carmen.
Eared Dove (Zenaida auriculata). Common in the Andes.
White-tipped Dove (Leptotila verreauxi). Seen at Amazonia lodge. Named for the impressive sounding John Baptiste Edouard Verreaux (1810-1868) French Natural History dealer and collector.
Gray-fronted Dove (Leptotila rufaxilla). Common. Seen at Amazonia Lodge. This and the previous species have complicated distribution with places where they occur side by side and other where only one occurs or is more common. In this part of Peru, the two species appear to segregate one another by elevation. White-tipped is found in the foothills and Gray-fronted in the lowlands. At least one is far more common than the other at different elevations.
Bare-faced Ground-Dove (Metriopelia ceciliae). Seen in Huacarpay. Named for Cecile Gautrau daughter of French naturalist Rene Lesson.
CUCKOOS
Little Cuckoo (Coccycua minuta). Seen at Villa Carmen.
Squirrel Cuckoo (Piaya cayana). Common in the Amazon.
Black-bellied Cuckoo (Piaya melanogaster). One seen from the tower at Cocha Camungo.
Smooth-billed Ani (Crotophaga ani). Common in the Amazon. Well seen at the feeders at Villa Carmen.
Pheasant Cuckoo (Dromococcyx phasianellus). Heard only, at Amazonia Lodge.
Pavonine Cuckoo (Dromococcyx pavoninus). Heard only, near Pilcopata.
Ash-colored Cuckoo (Coccycua cinerea). A pair photographed at Amazonia Lodge. This is a very rare one for Peru. It’s considered hypotethical for Peru.
POTOOS
Great Potoo (Nyctibius grandis). Heard many times, but finally two seen at MWC.
Common Potoo (Nyctibius griseus). Heard only, in the lowlands.
NIGHTJARS
Sand-colored Nighthawk (Chordeiles rupestris). Seen a couple of times along the Madre de Dios River. Good chances for photos of a big colony on a sandbar.
Rufous-bellied Nighthawk (Lurocalis rufiventris). Heard only, at Wayquecha.
Common Pauraque (Nyctidromus albicollis). Common in the Amazon.
Ladder-tailed Nightjar (Hydropsalis climacocerca). Seen in front of the dock of MWC.
Ocellated Poorwill (Nyctiphrynus ocellatus). Seen at Amazonia lodge.
SWIFTS
Chestnut-collared Swift (Streptoprocne rutila). Very common in the upper parts down to Villa Carmen.
White-collared Swift (Streptoprocne zonaris). Seen on 16 consecutive days. A common species from the foothills down to the Amazon.
Gray-rumped Swift (Chaetura cinereiventris). Seen a couple of times in the lowlands.
Pale-rumped Swift (Chaetura egregia). Seen in Amazonia lodge.
Amazonian Swift (Chaetura viridipennis). Seen in Amazonia lodge.
Short-tailed Swift (Chaetura brachyuran). Seen a couple of times in the lowlands.
Andean Swift (Aeronautes andecolus). Seen in Huacarpay and near Paucartambo.
Fork-tailed Palm-Swift (Tachornis squamata). Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river.
HUMMINGBIRDS
White-necked Jacobin (Florisuga mellivora). Very common at feeders in the lowlands.
Rufous-breasted Hermit (Glaucis hirsutus). Seen several times at MWC.
Pale-tailed Barbthroat (Threnetes leucurus). Seen by some of us at Amazonia lodge.
Green Hermit (Phaethornis guy). Seen at feeders at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Great-billed Hermit (Phaethornis malaris). Seen at MWC.
White-bearded Hermit (Phaethornis hispidus). Seen several times in Amazonian lowlands.
Koepcke's Hermit (Phaethornis koepckeae). Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Koepckeae: In honor of Maria Emilia Koepcke née von Mikulicz-Radecki (1924-1971) German ornithologist in Peru 1949-1971, explorer, and collector. ENDEMIC.
Reddish Hermit (Phaethornis ruber). Quite common in the lowlands. One of the smallest hermits.
Green-fronted Lancebill (Doryfera ludovicae). Seen at the pond trail in Amazonia lodge.
Geoffroy's Wedgebill (Schistes geoffroyi). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. The two species of wedgebill - Geoffroy's Wedgebill and White-throated Wedgebill (Schistes albogularis) - formerly were classified as a single species, Wedge-billed Hummingbird (Schistes geoffroyi). The recurring mention of "wedge" in the English names for these hummingbirds refers to the tip of the bill, which is very narrow and sharply pointed; this unusual bill shape is quite distinctive, but is not readily seen in the field. Named for Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hillaire (1772-1884) French zoologist.
Lesser Violetear (Colibri cyanotus). Seen at upper Manu road. The Central and Middle American form of Green Violetear have been split into Mexican Violetear by the AOU- our form which occurs from Costa Rica to Bolivia is now this species.
Sparkling Violetear (Colibri coruscans). Common at CORL at feeders. We managed to see a chick being fed by it's parents.
Black-throated Mango (Anthracothorax nigricollis). One seen at the end of the Jeep trail at Amazonia Lodge.
Amethyst-throated Sunangel (Heliangelus amethysticollis). Seen several times in Wayquecha.
Wire-crested Thorntail (Discosura popelairii). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Named for Jean BaptisteBaron Popelairede Terloo Belgian naturalist and collector in Peru in the first half of the 19th century.
Rufous-crested Coquette (Lophornis delattrei). Seen at Villa Carmen & Amazonia Lodge. Named after French naturalist/collector Henri de Lattre (1838).
Long-tailed Sylph (Aglaiocercus kingii). Seen at Wayquecha. Named for Rear-Admiral Philip Parker King (1791-1856) British marine surveyor and collector in tropical America.
Andean Hillstar (Oreotrochilus estella). Seen in the Cuzco higher parts on our way to Wayquecha.
Green-tailed Trainbearer (Lesbia nuna). A male seen at Huacarpay. Lesbian from the Greek = A woman of Lesbos.
Bearded Mountaineer (Oreonympha nobilis). We failed to find this one on Huacarpay, but we were lucky enough to get views on the Huambutio Bridge. ENDEMIC.
Tyrian Metaltail (Metallura tyrianthina). Seen from Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road). Named after the color Tyrian purple.
Shining Sunbeam (Aglaeactis cupripennis). Common in the higher parts.
Collared Inca (Coeligena torquata). Seen at Wayquecha.
Violet-throated Starfrontlet (Coeligena violifer). Seen at Wayquecha.
Anna’s Racket-tail (Ocreatus underwoodii). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. An article in Zootaxa 4200 (1): 083–108 2016 Biogeography and taxonomy of racket-tail hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae: Ocreatus): evidence for species delimitation from morphology
and display behavior by KARL-L. SCHUCHMANN, ANDRÉ-A. WELLER & DIETMAR JÜRGENS provided evidence from plumage and behavior thatOcreatus underwoodii should be treated as four species, with the subspecies addae, annae, and peruana elevated to species rank. If this is so the species would be thus:
White-booted Racket-tail O. underwoodii: Venezuela to W Ecuador;
Peruvian Racket-tail O. peruvianus: E Ecuador to NE Peru;
Anna’s Racket-tail O. annae: Pasco to Cuzco (endemic);
Rufous-booted Racket-tail O. addae: Bolivia (endemic).
Gould's Jewelfront (Heliodoxa aurescens). Seen at Amazonia Lodge and MWC. The common name commemorates the English
ornithologist and bird artist John Gould (1804–1881).
Violet-fronted Brilliant (Heliodoxa leadbeateri). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Giant Hummingbird (Patagona gigas). Seen at Wayquecha. One of the world's largest hummingbirds after the Sword-billed Hummingbird if talking about measurement from tail tip to bill tip.
Long-billed Starthroat (Heliomaster longirostris). Seen at MWC.
White-bellied Woodstar (Chaetocercus mulsant). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Named for Martial Etienne Mulsant, French zoologist and explorer.
Amethyst Woodstar (Calliphlox amethystina). Seen at Amazonia Lodge.
Blue-tailed Emerald (Chlorostilbon mellisugus). Seen at CORL, Villa Carmen and Amazonia Lodge.
Violet-headed Hummingbird (Klais guimeti). Seen at Amazonia Lodge.
Gray-breasted Sabrewing (Campylopterus largipennis). Seen at Amazonia Lodge.
Fork-tailed Woodnymph (Thalurania furcata). Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center.
Sapphire-spangled Emerald (Amazilia lactea). Seen at Villa Carmen & Amazonia Lodge.
Golden-tailed Sapphire (Chrysuronia oenone). Seen at Villa Carmen & Amazonia Lodge.
HOATZIN
Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin). Freaky looking bird! Common in the Amazon. Seen mainly at the oxbow lakes.
LIMPKIN
Limpkin (Aramus guarauna). Seen on Cocha Blanco.
TRUMPETERS
Pale-winged Trumpeter (Psophia leucoptera). Several encounters with a flock of at least 15 individuals, at MWC.
RAILS, GALLINULES, AND COOTS
Gray-cowled Wood-Rail (Aramides cajaneus). Seen at Villa Carmen & Amazonia Lodge. The old Gray-necked Wood-Rail has been split two ways: Russet-naped Wood-Rail Aramides albiventris of Mexico and the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and the one we saw of the Pacific slope of Cosat Rica to Argentina.
Black-banded Crake (Anurolimnas fasciatus). Heard only, at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake).
Russet-crowned Crake (Anurolimnas viridis). Heard only, at Villa Carmen airstrip.
Gray-breasted Crake (Laterallus exilis). One seen by some of us at Cocha Camungo.
Plumbeous Rail (Pardirallus sanguinolentus). Several individuals seen at Huacarpay.
Common Gallinule (Gallinula galeata). Seen at Huaypo lake. Note that the New World form has been split from the Common Moorhen of Eurasia. Common Gallinule of Western Hemisphere is split from Common Moorhen on the basis of morphological, genetic, and vocal differences (Groenenberg et al 2008).
Purple Gallinule (Porphyrio martinica). Seen at Villa Carmen feeders.
Slate-colored Coot (Fulica ardesiaca). Seen at Huaypo lake. Called "Andean Coot" in Fjeldså & Krabbe (1990), Taylor (1996 and Ridgely et al. (2001) but other authors use Slate-colored Coot.
SUNGREBE
Sungrebe (Heliornis fulica). Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake).
PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS
American Golden Plover (Pluvialis dominica). One individual of this boreal migrant, on a sand bank on the Madre de Dios river.
Collared Plover (Charadrius collaris). Seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Pied Lapwing (Vanellus cayanus). Seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis). Seen along the Madre de Dios river. This bird is colonizing open areas from south to north, and is now found as far north as Panama!
Andean Lapwing (Vanellus resplendens). Seen at Huacarpay.
STILTS
Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus). A flock of 8 seen along the Madre de Dios river. It’s rare in the region.
SANDPIPERS AND ALLIES
Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularius). Spotty! Seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca). Seen along the Madre de Dios river.
JACANA
Wattled Jacana (Jacana jacana). Seen at Cocha Camungo and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes).
SKIMMERS
Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger). Seen along the Madre de Dios river.
GULLS AND TERNS
Andean Gull (Chroicocephalus serranus). Seen on Huacarpay.
Yellow-billed Tern (Sternula superciliaris). Seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Large-billed Tern (Phaetusa simplex). Seen along the Madre de Dios river.
SUNBITTERN
Sunbittern (Eurypyga helias). Seen at Amazonia Lodge, Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake) and along the Madre de Dios river.
STORKS
Wood Stork (Mycteria americana). Seen along the Madre de Dios river.
DARTERS
Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga). Seen at Cocha Camungo and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes).
CORMORANTS
Neotropic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus). A common species seen on Huacarpay lake, below CORL and along the Madre de Dios river.
HERONS
Fasciated Tiger-Heron (Tigrisoma fasciatum). A fairly common species. Seen on white water along the upper Madre de Dios river.
Rufescent Tiger-Heron (Tigrisoma lineatum). Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake).
Striated Heron (Butorides striata). Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake).
Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis). Common species. Seen on Huacarpay.
Cocoi Heron (Ardea cocoi). A common species seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Great Egret (Ardea alba). A common species seen on Huacarpay and along the Madre de Dios river.
Capped Heron (Pilherodius pileatus). Seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Snowy Egret (Egretta thula). A common species seen on Huacarpay lake and along the Madre de Dios river.
Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea). Seen at Huacarpay lake and along the Madre de Dios river.
IBIS
Puna Ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi). Seen at Huacarpay.
SPOONBILLS
Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja). One individual seen on the Madre de Dios river.
NEW WORLD VULTURES
Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus). Common species.
Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura). Common species. Jaramillo (2003) suggested that the resident tropical subspecies ruficollis and the southern subspecies group (jota and "falklandica") might merit recognition as separate species from the northern Cathartes aura group.
Greater Yellow-headed Vulture (Cathartes melambrotus). Common species in the Amazon.
King Vulture (Sarcoramphus papa). Seen several times, a few along the Madre de Dios river.
OSPREY
Osprey (Pandion haliaetus). Seen along the Madre de Dios river.
HAWKS, EAGLES, AND KITES
Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus). Seen along the Madre de Dios river and both owbow lakes.
Black Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus tyrannus). Seen at Villa Carmen.
Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus ornatus). Great views of one individual soaring from the MWC canopy tower.
Double-toothed Kite (Harpagus bidentatus). Seen several times, perched and flying.
Plumbeous Kite (Ictinia plumbea). Common. Seen mainly along the Madre de Dios river.
Cinereous Harrier (Circus cinereus). One seen flying at Huacarpay lake.
Tiny Hawk (Accipiter superciliosus). One female seen incubating in a nest at Villa Carmen.
Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus). One seen above Paucartambo, being chased away by a Kestrel.
Slate-colored Hawk (Buteogallus schistaceus). One seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake).
Great Black Hawk (Buteogallus urubitinga). Common. Seen mainly along the Madre de Dios river.
Variable Hawk (Geranoaetus polyosoma). Seen on the upper parts, near Huacarpay and Paucartambo.
Roadside Hawk (Rupornis magnirostris). Common everywhere.
Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle (Geranoaetus melanoleucus). One seen fighting with a Mountain Caracara at Huacarpay lake.
Short-tailed Hawk (Buteo brachyurus). One seen at Camungo oxbow lake.
White-throated Hawk (Buteo albigula). Several seen on the upper parts of Manu road near Wayquecha.
Zone-tailed Hawk (Buteo albonotatus). Seen at Villa Carmen and from the MWC canopy tower.
OWLS
Tropical Screech-Owl (Megascops choliba). Heard only, at Villa Carmen.
Rufescent Screech-Owl (Megascops ingens). Heard only, at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl (Megascops watsonii). Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Recent analyses of genetic and vocal differences (König et al. 1999) confirm a major division of the screech-owls into New World Otus (except O. flammulatus) and Old World groups, as noted by Amadon & Bull (1988).
Crested Owl (Lophostrix cristata). Heard only, at Manu Wildlife Center.
Rufous-banded Owl (Ciccaba albitarsis). Heard only, at Wayquecha.
Amazonian Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium hardyi). Heard only, at Manu Wildlife Center.
Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia). Seen along the Madre de Dios river.
QUETZALS AND TROGONS
Crested Quetzal (Pharomachrus antisianus). Seen on two days near CORL.
Golden-headed Quetzal (Pharomachrus auriceps). Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road) on two consecutive days. From the Greek Pharo = Mantle or Cloak. Machrus = long.
Black-tailed Trogon (Trogon melanurus). Common. Mainly seen at Amazonia Lodge and MWC.
Green-backed Trogon (Trogon Viridis). One seen on Collpa Trail at MWC.
Collared Trogon (Trogon collaris). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
Masked Trogon (Trogon personatus). Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road) and Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Blue-crowned Trogon (Trogon curucui). Seen at Villa Carmen and Amazonia Lodge.
Amazonian Trogon (Trogon ramonianus). Seen at MWC. The subspecies ramonianus and caligatus were formerly (e.g., Cory 1919, Pinto 1937) considered separate species from Trogon violaceus (Violaceous Trogon) but Peters (1945) considered them all conspecific. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) considered caligatus (Gartered Trogon) of Middle America and northwestern South America to be a separate species from Trogon violaceus, and this was followed by Hilty (2003); Genetic data (DaCosta & Klicka 2008) indicate that caligatus is basal to a group that includes Amazonian T. violaceus, T. curucui, and T. surrucura (and that Amazonian violaceus may be paraphyletic with respect to the latter two species). SACC proposal was passed to recognize caligatus as a species. SACC proposal passed to recognize ramonianus as a separate species from T. violaceus.
MOTMOTS
Broad-billed Motmot (Electron platyrhynchum). Seen at MWC.
Rufous Motmot (Baryphthengus martii). Seen several times in the lowlands.
Amazonian Motmot (Momotus momota). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
KINGFISHERS
Ringed Kingfisher (Megaceryle torquata). Seen along the Madre de Dios river and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake).
Amazon Kingfisher (Chloroceryle amazona). Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Green Kingfisher (Chloroceryle americana). Seen several times.
Green-and-rufous Kingfisher (Chloroceryle inda). Seen at Amazonia Lodge.
American Pygmy Kingfisher (Chloroceryle aenea). Seen by Ive at MWC.
JACAMARS
Purus Jacamar (Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus). Seen at Cocha Camungo and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes). Named for the Purus River that runs from eastern Peru into Brazil. Range Restricted.
Bluish-fronted Jacamar (Galbula cyanescens). Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
White-throated Jacamar (Brachygalba albogularis). At La Pastora on our last morning. Range Restricted.
PUFFBIRDS
Pied Puffbird (Notharchus tectus). One seen at Blanco lake.
Chestnut-capped Puffbird (Bucco macrodactylus). A pair seen at MWC.
Western Striolated-Puffbird (Nystalus obamai). Mr. President!! Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Named for the former President of the United States, Barack Obama.
Semicollared Puffbird (Malacoptila semicincta). Heard only, at Manu Wildlife Center.
Black-fronted Nunbird (Monasa nigrifrons). Common in the Amazon. Monasa is Greek for solitary or a monk, a reference to the plain plumage and quiet behavior of the Nunbirds.
White-fronted Nunbird (Monasa morphoeus). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Morpheous was the son of sleep and god of dreams a referral to the lethargic behavior of this Nunbird.
Swallow-winged Puffbird (Chelidoptera tenebrosa). Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river.
BARBETS
Gilded Barbet (Capito auratus). Seen at Villa Carmen and Manu Wildlife Center.
Lemon-throated Barbet (Eubucco richardsoni). Seen at Amazonia Lodge and at Manu Wildlife Center.
TOUCANS
Channel-billed Toucan (Ramphastos vitellinus). Seen several times at MWC.
White-throated Toucan (Ramphastos tucanus). Common in the Amazon lowlands. Many tiomes seen and much more heard.
Emerald Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus). Seen at Villa Carmen & Amazonia lodge.
Blue-banded Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis). Well seen near the tunnels below Wayquecha.
Gray-breasted Mountain-Toucan (Andigena hypoglauca). A pair well seen near the tunnels below Wayquecha.
Ivory-billed Araçari (Pteroglossus azara). A group of three seen from the tower at Cocha Camungo.
Chestnut-eared Aracari (Pteroglossus castanotis). First time seen above Piclopata before we reached Villa Carmen. Later seen on the next 4 consecutive days. In Greek Pteroglossus means “feather-tongued” a reference to the slim feather-like tongues of toucans and aracaris.
Curl-crested Araçari Pteroglossus beauharnaesii. Seen from the tower at Manu Wildlife Center.
WOODPECKERS
Fine-barred Piculet (Picumnus subtilis). One seen at Villa Carmen. Range Restricted.
Yellow-tufted Woodpecker (Melanerpes cruentatus). Common in the Amazon. Seen on 10 consecutive days.
Little Woodpecker (Veniliornis passerinus). Seen at Amazonia Lodge near the river.
Red-stained Woodpecker (Veniliornis affinis). Seen at MWC.
Golden-olive Woodpecker (Colaptes rubiginosus). Seen above Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Spot-breasted Woodpecker (Colaptes punctigula). One seen at Cocha Camungo.
Andean Flicker (Colaptes rupicola). Several seen in the uplands, at Wayquecha and on our way to Paucartambo.
Cream-colored Woodpecker (Celeus flavus). Heard only, at Amazonia lodge.
Ringed Woodpecker (Celeus torquatus). Good views of one at Collpas trail at MWC.
Lineated Woodpecker (Dryocopus lineatus). Several seen on the trip.
Red-necked Woodpecker (Campephilus rubricollis). A pair seen below the tower at Camungo lake.
Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos). Seen at Amazonia lodge.
FALCONS AND CARACARAS
Laughing Falcon (Herpetotheres cachinnans). Heard only, at MWC.
Black Caracara (Daptrius ater). Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Red-throated Caracara (Ibycter americanus). Seen at Villa Carmen, Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center.
Mountain Caracara (Phalcoboenus megalopterus). Seen at Huacarpay and from Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road).
Southern Caracara (Caracara plancus). One seen along the Madre de Dios river while travelling from Amazonia lodge to MWC.
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius). Seen at Huacarpay lake.
Aplomado Falcon (Falco Femoralis). One seen right at the Acjanaco pass.
Bat Falcon (Falco rufigularis). Several seen along the Madre de Dios river.
NEW WORLD PARROTS
Cobalt-winged Parakeet (Brotogeris cyanoptera). Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Tui Parakeet (Brotogeris sanctithomae). Seen on several occasions, also at the Blanquillo Claylick.
Orange-cheeked Parrot (Pyrilia barrabandi). Seen at Blanquillo Claylick. Named after Jaques Barrand (1767-1809), French bird and flower illustrator.
Blue-headed Parrot (Pionus menstruus). Seen many many times. Also at Blanquillo Claylick.
Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala). Seen at Blanquillo Claylick.
Scaly-naped Parrot (Amazona mercenarius). Seen at Wayquecha area (Manu road).
Mealy Parrot (Amazona farinosa). Seen at Blanquillo Claylick. Farinosa is Latin for “Sprinkled with Flour” referring to the “dusted” appearance of this Amazon.
White-bellied Parrot (Pionites leucogaster). Heard only, at MWC.
Black-capped Parakeet (Pyrrhura rupicola). Seen from the MWC tower.
Dusky-headed Parakeet (Aratinga weddellii). Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Red-bellied Macaw (Orthopsittaca manilatus). Seen several times.
Blue-headed Macaw (Primolius couloni). Seen at Blanquillo Claylick. VULNERABLE.
Blue-and-yellow Macaw (Ara ararauna). Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao). Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Red-and-green Macaw (Ara chloropterus). Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river and Blanquillo Claylick, where we estimated 150.
Chestnut-fronted Macaw (Ara severus). Common. Seen on eight consecutive days, mainly along the Madre de Dios river.
White-eyed Parakeet (Psittacara leucophthalmus). Seen from Manu road, Villa Carmen, Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center.
ANTBIRDS
Fasciated Antshrike (Cymbilaimus lineatus). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
Bamboo Antshrike (Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae). Seen at Villla Carmen. Range Restricted.
Great Antshrike (Taraba major). Seen at Villla Carmen.
Barred Antshrike (Thamnophilus doliatus). Seen at the Blanquillo Claylick.
Chestnut-backed Antshrike (Thamnophilus palliatus). Seen above CORL. Range Restricted.
Plain-winged Antshrike (Thamnophilus schistaceus). Heard only, at Amazonia Lodge.
Rufescent Antshrike (Thamnistes rufescens). One seen just above CORL. A new species. The Russet Antshrike, T. anabatinus, is primarily a resident of foothill forests of the northern Andes (both slopes in Colombia, Ecuador and etreme North Peru) and Middle America. Six subspecies are currently recognized (Peters 1951). Historically its vocalizations were largely overlooked and poorly recorded as it is a participant in noisy mixed-species flocks of the lower canopy to the upper understory. Recent recordings expanded the vocal inventory and provided a basis for analysis of populations and consideration of taxonomic rank (Isler and Whitney 2017). As a result, multiple (five or more) vocal characters of two types of song of rufescens, the southernmost population, were found to differ diagnosably from all other populations. Currently scarce in recordings, the calls of rufescens are also likely to be found to differ diagnostically when a sufficient number of samples is acquired. The plumage of rufescensis also distinct (Zimmer and Isler 2003). We recommend that T. rufescens be designated Rufescent Antshrike, reflecting its scientific name and the northern taxon remains Russet Antshrike T. anabatinus.
Dusky-throated Antshrike (Thamnomanes ardesiacus). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
Bluish-slate Antshrike (Thamnomanes schistogynus). Seen at Villa Carmen and Amazonia Lodge. The understory flock leader.
Plain-throated Antwren (Isleria hauxwelli). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
Spot-winged Antshrike (Pygiptila stellaris). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
White-eyed Antwren (Epinecrophylla leucophthalma). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
Ornate Antwren (Epinecrophylla ornata). Seen at Amazonia Lodge and at Manu Wildlife Center.
Pygmy Antwren (Myrmotherula brachyura). Seen at Amazonia Lodge.
Amazonian Streaked-Antwren (Myrmotherula multostriata). Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake).
Stripe-chested Antwren (Myrmotherula longicauda). Well seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
White-flanked Antwren (Myrmotherula axillaris). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Willis (1984), Ridgely & Tudor (1994), Hilty (2003), and Zimmer & Isler (2003) noted that vocal differences among several subspecies of Myrmotherula axillaris suggest that more than one species is involved.
Gray Antwren (Myrmotherula menetriesii). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
Riparian Antbird (Cercomacroides fuscicauda). Seen below the Camungo tower.
Black Antbird (Cercomacroides serva). Seen at MWC.
Gray Antbird (Cercomacra cinerascens). Heard only, at MWC.
Manu Antbird (Cercomacra manu). Seen at Villa Carmen. Range Restricted.
White-backed Fire-eye (Pyriglena leuconota). Seen above Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
White-browed Antbird (Myrmoborus leucophrys). Seen at Villa Carmen and Amazonia Lodge.
Black-faced Antbird (Myrmoborus myotherinus). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
White-lined Antbird (Percnostola lophotes). Seen at Villa Carmen.
Yellow-breasted Warbling-Antbird (Hypocnemis subflava). Seen at MWC. Range Restricted.
Silvered Antbird (Sclateria naevia). Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Cocha Blanco.
Plumbeous Antbird (Myrmelastes hyperythrus). Heard only, at Manu Wildlife Center.
Chestnut-tailed Antbird (Sciaphylax hemimelaena). Common in the Amazon.
Goeldi's Antbird (Akletos goeldii). Seen on Jeep trail at Amazonia Lodge. Favors Bamboo but is not restricted to it. Named for Emil August Goeldi, German naturalist resident in Brazil and author of “Aves do Brasil” 1894.
Black-throated Antbird (Myrmophylax atrothorax). Seen at Amazonia Lodge.
Scale-backed Antbird (Willisornis poecilonotus). Heard only, at Amazonia lodge.
Black-spotted Bare-eye (Phlegopsis nigromaculata). Heard only, at MWC.
GNATEATERS
Ash-throated Gnateater (Conopophaga peruviana). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Range Restricted.
Slaty Gnateater (Conopophaga ardesiaca). Seen by some of us above CORL. Range Restricted.
ANTPITTAS
White-throated Antpitta (Grallaria albigula). Heard only, below CORL. Range Restricted.
Red-and-white Antpitta (Grallaria erythroleuca). Heard by all of us but seen by a lucky Bob W. ENDEMIC.
Rufous Antpitta (Grallaria rufula occobambae). Heard only, at Wayquecha. The Rufous Anpitta complex will be split and this subspecies will become a separate species tenataively known as South Peruvian Antpitta.
Amazonian Antpitta (Hylopezus berlepschi). Heard only, at Amazonia Lodge.
Thrush-like Antpitta (Myrmothera campanisona). Heard only, at Villa Carmen.
TAPACULOS
Rusty-belted Tapaculo (Liosceles thoracicus). Heard only, at Manu Wildlife Center.
Trilling Tapaculo (Scytalopus parvirostris). Heard only, at Wayquecha.
White-crowned Tapaculo (Scytalopus atratus). Heard only, at Cock-of-the-Rock Lek (Manu road).
ANTTHRUSHES
Rufous-capped Antthrush (Formicarius colma). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
Black-faced Antthrush (Formicarius analis). Seen at Amazonia Lodge.
Rufous-fronted Antthrush (Formicarius rufifrons). Seen on the Antthrush Trail (Manu Wildlife Center). Range Restricted.
Rufous-breasted Antthrush (Formicarius rufipectus). Heard only, at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
OVENBIRDS
Common Miner (Geositta cunicularia). Seveal seen on the highest part of our trip, from Pisac to Paucartambo.
Olivaceous Woodcreeper (Sittasomus griseicapillus). Seen at Amazonia lodge. Certainly consists of multiple species (Hardy et al. 1991, Ridgely & Tudor 1994, Parker et al. 1995, Ridgely & Greenfield 2001, Hilty 2003), with at least five subspecies group possibly deserving separate species status (Marantz et al. 2003). The subspecies viridis and amazonus are elevational replacements in southern Peru with different song types (Robbins et al. 2013).
Plain-brown Woodcreeper (Dendrocincla fuliginosa). Two seen at Antthrush trail.
Wedge-billed Woodcreeper (Glyphorynchus spirurus). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper (Dendrexetastes rufigula). Seen several times in the gardens at Manu Wildlife Center.
Long-billed Woodcreeper (Nasica longirostris). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
Strong-billed Woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus). Heard only, at Manu Wildlife Center.
Elegant Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus elegans). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Here the jurua subspecies. Note that Zimmer (1934d), Pinto (1937), Ridgely & Tudor (1994), and Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) considered Xiphorhynchus elegans and X. spixii (Spix’s Woodcreeper) conspecific, but see Haffer (1997) for rationale for treating them as separate species, as in Peters (1951) and Meyer de Schauensee (1970). Aleixo (2002) also found molecular support for treating nominate spixii as a separate species from all other taxa in the group. Cory & Hellmayr (1925) treated the subspecies juruanus and insignis as separate species from X. spixii (Jurua Woodcreeper), and Pinto (1947) also maintained juruanus as a separate species; but they were considered conspecific by Zimmer (1934d) and Peters (1951).
Buff-throated Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus guttatus). Seen at Amazonia lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. The most common lowland rainforest woodcreeper; some authorities consider Buff-throated Woodcreeper of SE Brazil as distinct but some authorities consider the reason for splitting weak.
Olive-backed Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus triangularis). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road).
Red-billed Scythebill (Campylorhamphus trochilirostris). Heard at Manu Wildlife Center, but seen by a few of us.
Montane Woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger). Common on the Wayquecha area (Manu road). lacrymiger “tear gathering” referring to the spotting.
Plain Xenops (Xenops minutus). Seen at Amazonia lodge.
Streaked Xenops (Xenops rutilans). Seen at Amazonia lodge and Manu Wildlife Center.
Streaked Tuftedcheek (Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii). Seen by a few of us near Wayquecha.
Pale-legged Hornero (Furnarius leucopus). Common in the Amazon.
Wren-like Rushbird (Phleocryptes melanops). Seen at Huacarpay.
Cream-winged Cinclodes (Cinclodes albiventris). Seveal seen on the highest part of our trip, from Pisac to Paucartambo.
Dusky-cheeked Foliage-gleaner (Anabazenops dorsalis). A pair seen at Villa Carmen.
Cinnamon-rumped Foliage-gleaner (Philydor pyrrhodes). One seen at Amazonia Lodge.
Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner (Philydor erythrocercum). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
Chestnut-winged Foliage-gleaner (Philydor erythropterum). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
Montane Foliage-gleaner (Anabacerthia striaticollis). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge (Manu road).
Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner (Syndactyla rufosuperciliata). Seen above Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge (Manu road).
Peruvian Recurvebill (Syndactyla ucayalae). A bird we all wanted to see, and we finally managed to get great views of it at Antthrush trail. ENDEMIC.
Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner (Automolus ochrolaemus). At Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center.
Olive-backed Foliage-gleaner (Automolus infuscatus). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
Chestnut-crowned Foliage-gleaner (Automolus rufipileatus). Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center.
Pearled Treerunner (Margarornis squamiger). Seen near Wayquecha (Manu road).
Streak-fronted Thornbird (Phacellodomus striaticeps). A pair well seen at Huacarpay, near Pikillakta ruins.
Puna Thistletail (Asthenes helleri). Seen at Canopy trail at Wayquecha. Range Restricted.
Rusty-fronted Canastero (Asthenes ottonis). Seen at Huacarpay. ENDEMIC.
Creamy-crested Spinetail (Cranioleuca albicapilla). Seen before Acjanaco pass. Unlike Synallaxis spinetails, members of this genus are typically arboreal, often favoring vine tangles in mid-storey and subcanopy. ENDEMIC.
Azara's Spinetail (Synallaxis azarae). Seen at Wayquecha. Named for the Spaniard Brigadier General Felix Manuel de Azara (1742-1821) who commanded the Paraguayan/Brazilian frontier.
Dark-breasted Spinetail (Synallaxis albigularis). Seen at MWC.
Cabanis's Spinetail (Synallaxis cabanisi). Seen below CORL, on the first patches on bamboo.
Plain-crowned Spinetail (Synallaxis gujanensis). Heard only, at MWC.
TYRANT FLYCATCHERS
Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet (Tyrannulus elatus). Heard only, at Amazonia Lodge.
Forest Elaenia (Myiopagis gaimardii). Seen at MWC tower.
White-crested Elaenia (Elaenia albiceps). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Mottle-backed Elaenia (Elaenia gigas). Seen below Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Sierran Elaenia (Elaenia pallatangae). Common near Wayquecha.
White-throated Tyrannulet (Mecocerculus leucophrys). Seen from Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road).
White-banded Tyrannulet (Mecocerculus stictopterus). Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road).
Mouse-colored Tyrannulet (Phaeomyias murina). A common bird in open habitats and gardens. Seen several times.
Bolivian Tyrannulet (Zimmerius bolivianus). Seen on two consecutive days above CORL. Range Restricted.
Marble-faced Bristle-Tyrant (Phylloscartes ophthalmicus). Seen on three consecutive days above CORL.
Cinnamon-faced Tyrannulet (Phylloscartes parkeri). Seen below CORL. One of the several birds named for Theodore A Parker the III –pioneer US ornithologist tragically killed in plane crash in souther Ecuador in 1993. Range Restricted.
Streak-necked Flycatcher (Mionectes striaticollis). Seen at CORL. Flycatchers in this genus are unusual in being frugivorous rather than insectivorous. Hence, like many Cotingas and Manakins, they also have lek systems.
Ochre-bellied Flycatcher (Mionectes oleaginous). Heard only, at Manu Wildlife Center.
Inca Flycatcher (Leptopogon taczanowskii). Seen below Wayquecha, near Pillahuata. ENDEMIC.
Sepia-capped Flycatcher (Leptopogon amaurocephalus). Seen at MWC by a few of us.
Slaty-capped Flycatcher (Leptopogon superciliaris). Fairly common. Mainly seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Ornate Flycatcher (Myiotriccus ornatus). Seen below CORL.
Many-colored Rush-Tyrant (Tachuris rubrigastra). Several at Huacarpay.
Scale-crested Pygmy-Tyrant (Lophotriccus pileatus). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Flammulated Pygmy-Tyrant (Hemitriccus flammulatus). Seen at Villa Carmen. Range Restricted.
Johannes’s Tody-Tyrant (Hemitriccus iohannis). Heard only, at Villa Carmen.
White-bellied Tody-Tyrant (Hemitriccus griseipectus). Heard only, at Manu Wildlife Center.
Black-backed Tody-Flycatcher (Poecilotriccus pulchellus). Heard only, several times around Wayquecha. ENDEMIC.
Spotted Tody-Flycatcher (Todirostrum maculatum). Seen atr MWC.
Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher (Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
Yellow-olive Flycatcher (Tolmomyias sulphurescens). Heard only, at Amazonia lodge.
Yellow-margined Flycatcher (Tolmomyias assimilis). Heard only, at Amazonia lodge.
Gray-crowned Flycatcher (Tolmomyias poliocephalus). Seen at MWC tower.
Golden-crowned Spadebill (Platyrinchus coronatus). Heard only, at Manu Wildlife Center.
Bran-colored Flycatcher (Myiophobus fasciatus). Seen below CORL.
Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher (Terenotriccus erythrurus). Seen by a few of us at MWC.
Cinnamon Flycatcher (Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus). Common in the foothills.
Smoke-colored Pewee (Contopus fumigatus). Seen several times in the foothills.
Olive Flycatcher (Mitrephanes olivaceus). A pair seen below the CORL lek.
Black Phoebe (Sayornis nigricans). Common. Seen sevreal times near water on quebradas or creeks. This is the southern subspecies latirostris. The change from the darker-winged nominate nigricans to the white-winged latirostris is a north-south cline, with larger amounts of white gradually appearing further south.
Austral Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus). Austral migrant. Seen mainly along the Madre de Dios river.
Andean Negrito (Lessonia oreas). One seen at Huacarpay.
Rufous-tailed Tyrant (Knipolegus poecilurus). Seen near CORL.
White-winged Black-Tyrant (Knipolegus aterrimus). One seen above Wayquecha.
Drab Water-tyrant (Ochthornis littoralis). Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Spot-billed Ground-Tyrant (Muscisaxicola maculirostris). Several seen at Huacarpay.
Taczanowski’s Ground-Tyrant (Muscisaxicola griseus). Three seen on the highest part of our trip, above Pisac.
Little Ground-Tyrant (Muscisaxicola fluviatilis). Seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Rufous-naped Ground-Tyrant (Muscisaxicola rufivertex). Several seen on the highest part of our trip, above Pisac.
Streak-throated Bush-Tyrant (Myiotheretes striaticollis). A pair seen near Acjanaco pass.
Rufous-bellied Bush-Tyrant (Myiotheretes fuscorufus). A pair seen taking dust baths below Acjanaco pass.
Rufous-webbed Bush-Tyrant (Polioxolmis rufipennis). A pair seen near Acjanaco pass.
Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant (Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris). Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). Garcia-Moreno et al. (1998) suggested that the plumage and genetic differences between subspecies groups north and south of the Maranon should be recognized at the species level, with Ochthoeca thoracica the name for the southern species. Ridgely & Tudor (1994) reported that there are also vocal differences that would support this split. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) and Hilty (2003) further recognized Venezuelan nigrita as a separate species from O. cinnamomeiventris, as done by Cory & Hellmayr (1927); see Zimmer (1937b) for the rationale for treating them all as conspecific based on plumage pattern, the treatment followed by Fitzpatrick (2004). Proposal needed.
Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant (Ochthoeca rufipectoralis). Seen several times on the upper parts, near Wayquecha.
White-browed Chat-Tyrant (Ochthoeca leucophrys). Seen at Huacarpay.
Long-tailed Tyrant (Colonia colonus). Seen below CORL.
Piratic Flycatcher (Legatus leucophaius). Seen a few times in the lowlands.
Social Flycatcher (Myiozetetes similis). Common in the Amazon. Seen on 10 consecutive days.
Gray-capped Flycatcher (Myiozetetes granadensis). Common in the Amazon.
Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus). Common in the Amazon. Seen on 11 consecutive days.
Lesser Kiskadee (Pitangus lictor). Seen at Cocha Blanco and Camungo (oxbow lakes).
Lemon-browed Flycatcher (Conopias cinchoneti). Three seen at CORL. VULNERABLE.
Golden-crowned Flycatcher (Myiodynastes chrysocephalus). Seen near Pillahuata.
Streaked Flycatcher (Myiodynastes maculatus). Seen several times, mostly near CORL.
Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher (Myiodynastes luteiventris). Seen at Antthrush trail.
Boat-billed Flycatcher (Megarynchus pitangua). Seen several times in the lowlands.
Sulphury Flycatcher (Tyrannopsis sulphurea). One at Camongo lake.
Variegated Flycatcher (Empidonomus varius). Seen at CORL.
Crowned Slaty Flycatcher (Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus). Seen several times, one of them at the clearing at Amazonia Lodge. An Austral migrant and the bird with the longest scientific name in the world.
Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus). Common everywhere.
Grayish Mourner (Rhytipterna simplex). Heard only, at Manu Wildlife Center.
White-rumped Sirystes (Sirystes albocinereus). Heard only, at Manu Wildlife Center.
Dusky-capped Flycatcher (Myiarchus tuberculifer). Seen several times.
Swainson’s Flycatcher (Myiarchus swainsoni). Seen at Antthrush trail.
Short-crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus ferox). Seen many many times. One very close at the gardens of Amazonia Lodge.
Large-headed Flatbill (Ramphotrigon megacephalum). At Antthrush trail.
Rufous-tailed Flatbill (Ramphotrigon ruficauda). Seen at Antthrush trail.
White-eyed Attila (Attila bolivianus). Heard only, at MWC.
Bright-rumped Attila (Attila spadiceus). Heard only, at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center.
COTINGAS
Barred Fruiteater (Pipreola arcuata). Great views of this green bird below Wayquecha.
Red-crested Cotinga (Ampelion rubrocristatus). A pair seen at Wayquecha, at the entrance of the canopy trail.
Andean Cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruvianus). Seen at the lek above CORL on two different days (Manu road) and a few at several sites. Good chances to take great photos of this weird cotinga.
Plum-throated Cotinga (Cotinga maynana). Seen at Collpa Blanquillo and on the way out of Camungo lake.
Purple-throated Fruitcrow (Querula purpurata). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
Screaming Piha (Lipaugus vociferans). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Heard hundreds of times.
Bare-necked Fruitcrow (Gymnoderus foetidus). Seen at Amazonia lodge perched close to us, and at Manu Wildlife Center.
MANAKINS
Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin (Tyranneutes stolzmanni). Hard to see at Manu Wildlife Center. A tiny manakin of the Amazon basin. While its call, "jew-rit", is a common sound in tall forest, this bird is infamous for being extremely difficult to see. This is partly a result of its preference for higher strata in the forest than many manakin species. stolzmanni: In honor of Jan Sztolcman (1854-1928) Polish zoologist, collector in tropical America 1875-1883.
Yungas Manakin (Chiroxiphia boliviana). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Range Restricted.
Fiery-capped Manakin (Machaeropterus pyrocephalus). Seen at MWC.
Band-tailed Manakin (Pipra fasciicauda). Seen at Amazonia lodge.
Round-tailed Manakin (Ceratopipra chloromeros). Seen at Amazonia lodge.
Blue-crowned Manakin (Lepidothrix coronata). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
Cerulean-capped Manakin (Lepidothrix coeruleocapilla). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. ENDEMIC.
TITYRAS AND BECARDS
Black-tailed Tityra (Tityra cayana). Seen several times at MWC.
Masked Tityra (Tityra semifasciata). Seen several times in the lowlands.
Black-crowned Tityra (Tityra inquisitor). Seen at Cocha Blanco.
Barred Becard (Pachyramphus versicolor). Hard to see, but finally good views near Wayquecha.
Chestnut-crowned Becard (Pachyramphus castaneus). A pair nesting at the Camungo tower.
White-winged Becard (Pachyramphus polychopterus). Seen at Amazonia Lodge.
Black-and-white Becard (Pachyramphus albogriseus). Seen at Amazonia Lodge.
Pink-throated/Crested Becard (Pachyramphus minor/validus). Seen at MWC.
INCERTAE SEDIS
Wing-barred Piprites (Piprites chloris). Briefly seen on the Collpas trail at MWC.
VIREOS
Rufous-browed Peppershrike (Cyclarhis gujanensis). Heard only, at CORL.
Chivi Vireo (Vireo chivi). Seen at Villa Carmen. Chivi Vireo is one of the most widespread and common passerines of South America. This species consists of a complex mosaic of resident and migratory populations, however. Not only is there seasonal overlap, in the austral winter, between some resident populations and wintering populations from southern South America, but during the boreal winter there also is overlap between the same resident Chivi Vireos and wintering Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceus) from North America! For many years Chivi and Red-eyed vireos were considered to be the same species; this is understandable, given that they are very similar in appearance, but phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data reveals that Chivi is more closely related to Black- whiskered Vireo (Vireo altiloquus) than it is to Red-eyed. The general biology of Chivi Vireo probably is very similar to that of Red-eyed Vireo but, despite its abundance, Chivi Vireo is much less well studied.
Brown-capped Vireo (Vireo leucophrys). Seen at Pillahuata.
Dusky-capped Greenlet (Pachysylvia hypoxantha). Seen at MWC.
Tawny-crowned Greenlet (Tunchiornis ochraceiceps). Seen at MWC.
JAYS
White-collared Jay (Cyanolyca viridicyanus). Heard only, at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). Range Restricted.
Purplish Jay (Cyanocorax cyanomelas). Seen at Amazonia Lodge and along the Madre de Dios river. Range Restricted.
Violaceous Jay (Cyanocorax violaceus). Common in the Amazon.
Green Jay (Cyanocorax yncas). Seen above CORL.
SWALLOWS
Blue-and-white Swallow (Pygochelidon cyanoleuca). Common. Seen on 12 consecutive days.
Brown-bellied Swallow (Orochelidon murina). Seen at Paucartambo (town).
Pale-footed Swallow (Orochelidon flavipes). Seen at Amazonia lodge.
White-banded Swallow (Atticora fasciata). Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Southern Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis). Fairly common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Seen on 13 consecutive days.
Brown-chested Martin (Progne tapera). Uncommon. Seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Gray-breasted Martin (Progne chalybea). Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake).
White-winged Swallow (Tachycineta albiventer). Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river.
Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica). One seen on the river trip from Amazonia lodge to MWC.
WRENS
Scaly-breasted Wren (Microcerculus marginatus). Heard only, several times on the foothills and lowlands.
House Wren (Troglodytes aedon). Common. Many authors (e.g., Hellmayr 1934, Pinto 1944, Phelps & Phelps 1950a) formerly treated Neotropical mainland populations as a separate species T. musculus; see also Brumfield and Capparella (1996); this treatment was followed by Brewer (2001) and Kroodsma & Brewer (2005). The Falklands population, T. a. cobbi, is treated as a species (Wood 1993), as was done by Brewer (2001), Mazar Barnett & Pearman (2001), Jaramillo (2003), and Kroodsma & Brewer (2005).
Mountain Wren (Troglodytes solstitialis). Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road).
Thrush-like Wren (Campylorhynchus turdinus). Seen at Amazonia lofge and Manu Wildlife Center.
Moustached Wren (Pheugopedius genibarbis). Seen at Villa Carmen.
Buff-breasted Wren (Cantorchilus leucotis). Seen on Cocha Blanco.
Gray-breasted Wood-Wren (Henicorhina leucophrys). Seen above CORL.
Chestnut-breasted Wren (Cyphorhinus thoracicus). Seen by a few of us at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
DONACOBIUS
Black-capped Donacobius (Donacobius atricapilla). Fairly common. Seen on oxbow lakes.
DIPPERS
White-capped Dipper (Cinclus leucocephalus). Seen between the tunnels below Wayquecha.
THRUSHES AND SOLITAIRES
Andean Solitaire (Myadestes ralloides). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus fuscater). Heard only, at CORL.
White-eared Solitaire (Entomodestes leucotis). Seen above CORL.
Chiguanco Thrush (Turdus chiguanco). Common in the Andes. Note that a detailed study of the Chiguanco/Great Thrush complex is needed to determine exactly how many species-level taxa exist. The name comes from the Quechua “Chiwanco”.
Great Thrush (Turdus fuscater). Common in the Andes, on the higher parts of Manu road.
Glossy-black Thrush (Turdus serranus). Seen around Wayquecha.
Black-billed Thrush (Turdus ignobilis). Common in the Amazon.
Lawrence’s Thrush (Turdus lawrencii). Heard only, imitating birds below the tower at MWC.
Hauxwell's Thrush (Turdus hauxwelli). Seen at MWC. hauxwelli: In honor of John Hauxwell (fl. 1868) English collector in Peru and Brazil.
White-necked Thrush (Turdus albicollis). Heard only, at Manu Wildlife Center.
TANAGERS AND ALLIES
Red-capped Cardinal (Paroaria gularis). Common in the Amazon, mostly on oxbow lakes.
Magpie Tanager (Cissopis leverianus). Seen at several sites on the foothills and lowlands.
Slaty Tanager (Creurgops dentatus). Seen above CORL. Range Restricted.
Black-capped Hemispingus (Kleinothraupis auricularis). Seen between the tunnels and below Pillahuata. ENDEMIC.
Black-eared Hemispingus (Sphenopsis melanotis). Seen between the tunnels and below Pillahuata.
Superciliaried Hemispingus (Thlypopsis superciliaris). Seen several times below Wayquecha.
Rust-and-yellow Tanager (Thlypopsis ruficeps). Seen around Wayquecha. ENDEMIC.
Black-goggled Tanager (Trichothraupis melanops). A pair seen on our travel day from CORL to Villa Carmen.
Yellow-crested Tanager (Tachyphonus rufiventer). Seen in the foothills and lowlands.
White-winged Shrike-Tanager (Lanio versicolor). Seen at Amazonia Lodge and MWC.
Masked Crimson-Tanager (Ramphocelus nigrogularis). Fairly common in the Amazon. Mainly seen at Amazonia Lodge.
Silver-beaked Tanager (Ramphocelus carbo). Common in the Amazon.
Hooded Mountain-Tanager (Buthraupis montana). Seen at Wayquecha (Manu road).
Grass-green Tanager (Chlorornis riefferii). Seen at Wayquecha (Manu road).
Scarlet-bellied Mountain-Tanager (Anisognathus igniventris). Fairly common in humid montane forest.
Blue-winged Mountain-Tanager (Anisognathus somptuosus). Seen by some of us above CORL near Rocotal.
Chestnut-bellied Mountain-Tanager (Dubusia castaneoventris). Seen below Wayquecha.
Yellow-throated Tanager (Iridosornis analis). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge (Manu road).
Golden-collared Tanager (Iridosornis jelskii). Seen at Wayquecha (Manu road).
Fawn-breasted Tanager (Pipraeidea melanonota). Seen below Wayquecha.
Blue-and-yellow Tanager (Pipraeidea bonariensis). At Huacarpay.
Orange-eared Tanager (Chlorochrysa calliparaea). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Blue-gray Tanager (Thraupis episcopus). Common in the Amazon. Seen also in Lima. Episcopus – a reference to the episcopal blue plumage of this species. Seen on 13 consecutive days.
Palm Tanager (Thraupis palmarum). Common in the Amazon.
Blue-capped Tanager (Thraupis cyanocephala). Fairly common in humid montane forest.
Golden-naped Tanager (Tangara ruficervix). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Masked Tanager (Tangara nigrocincta). Seen at MWC.
Blue-necked Tanager (Tangara cyanicollis). Fairly common in the foothills.
Yellow-bellied Tanager (Ixothraupis xanthogastra). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Spotted Tanager (Ixothraupis punctata). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Blue-and-black Tanager (Tangara vassorii). Seen on the upper parts of the Manu road.
Beryl-spangled Tanager (Tangara nigroviridis). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Turquoise Tanager (Tangara mexicana). Seen at Blanquillo Claylick and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Not found in Mexico!
Paradise Tanager (Tangara chilensis). Common in the Amazon. Not found in Chile!
Opal-rumped Tanager (Tangara velia). Seen nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake).
Opal-crowned Tanager (Tangara callophrys). Seen nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake).
Bay-headed Tanager (Tangara gyrola). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Golden-eared Tanager (Tangara chrysotis). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Saffron-crowned Tanager (Tangara xanthocephala). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge – here the subspecies has an orange not saffron crown.
Green-and-gold Tanager (Tangara schrankii). Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.
Golden Tanager (Tangara arthus). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock (Manu road).
Swallow Tanager (Tersina viridis). Seen at Villa Carmen, Amazonia lodge and Manu Wildlife Center.
Black-faced Dacnis (Dacnis lineata). Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake).
Yellow-bellied Dacnis (Dacnis flaviventer). Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center.
Blue Dacnis (Dacnis cayana). Seen at Villa Carmen, Amazonia and Manu Wildlife Center.
Purple Honeycreeper (Cyanerpes caeruleus). Common in the humid forests.
Green Honeycreeper (Chlorophanes spiza). Seen at CORL.
Guira Tanager (Hemithraupis guira). Seen at MWC.
Yellow-backed Tanager (Hemithraupis flavicollis). A pair seen at CORL.
Cinereous Conebill (Conirostrum cinereum). Seen at Huacarpay and on the way to Paucartambo.
Capped Conebill (Conirostrum albifrons). Seen at Pillahuata (Manu road).
Moustached Flowerpiercer (Diglossa mystacalis). Seen at Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road).
Black-throated Flowerpiercer (Diglossa brunneiventris). Seen at Huacarpay and on the way to Paucartambo.
Bluish Flowerpiercer (Diglossa caerulescens). Seen at Rocotal (Manu road).
Masked Flowerpiercer (Diglossa cyanea). Common in humid montane forest. Seen at Wayquecha.
Peruvian Sierra-Finch (Phrygilus punensis). Seen at Huacarpay and on the way to Paucartambo.
Mourning Sierra-Finch (Phrygilus fruticeti). Seen on the way to Paucartambo.
Ash-breasted Sierra-Finch (Phrygilus plebejus). Seen at Huacarpay and on the way to Paucartambo.
Chestnut-breasted Mountain-Finch (Poospiza caesar). A pair seen above Cuzco near Sacsayhuaman. ENDEMIC.
Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola). Seen at Puerto Maldonado.
Greenish Yellow-Finch (Sicalis olivascens). Seen at Huacarpay and on the way to Paucartambo.
Blue-black Grassquit (Volatinia jacarina). Seen at lower parts of Manu road.
Double-collared Seedeater (Sporophila caerulescens). Seen at MWC gardens.
Chestnut-bellied Seedeater (Sporophila castaneiventris). Seen at lower foothills, on the way to Villa Carmen.
Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch (Sporophila angolensis). Seen at lower foothills, on the way to Villa Carmen.
Buff-throated Saltator (Saltator maximus). Fairly common in the foothills and the Amazon. Common bird below 1300 meters – seen at Cock of the Rock Lodge, Villa Carmen, Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Klicka et al. (2007) found strong genetic support for a sister relationship between Saltator and core Thraupidae. Sushkin (1924) proposed that Saltator was thraupine, not emberizine/cardinaline. SACC proposal passed to transfer Saltator from Cardinalidae to IncertaeSedis. SACC proposal to transfer to Thraupidae did not pass. Barkeretal.(2013) found that Saltator and Saltatricula were embedded in the Thraupidae. SACC proposal passed to transfer to Thraupidae. Chavez et al. (2013) found that relationships within the genus are not consistent with the current linear sequence of species. SACC proposal passed to revise linear sequence.
Grayish Saltator (Saltator coerulescens). Seen at Cocha Camungo.
Golden-billed Saltator (Saltator aurantiirostris). Seen at Huacarpay and on the way to Paucartambo.
Band-tailed Seedeater (Catamenia analis). Seen at Huacarpay.
Plain-colored Seedeater (Catamenia inornata). Seen at Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road).
Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola). Seen at CORL and Amazonia lodge.
NEW WORLD SPARROWS AND ALLIES
Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis). A very common bird of the Andes throughout Peru and South America.
Yellow-browed Sparrow (Ammodramus aurifrons). Common in the Amazon, mostly along river banks.
Black-faced Brushfinch (Atlapetes melanolaemus). Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) and around Wayquecha. The Atlapetes genus has been completely revamped based on bio-chemical data and work done at Copenhagen Field Museum. Formerly considered part of Rufous-neapped Brush-Finch complex A. rufinucha. Atlapetes melanolaemus was formerly (Hellmayr 1938, Paynter 1970a, Meyer de Schauensee 1970, Ridgely & Tudor 1989, Sibley & Monroe 1990) considered a subspecies of A. rufinucha, but see García-Moreno & Fjeldså (1999). Range Restricted.
Common Chlorospingus (Chlorospingus flavopectus). Seen at Pillahuata and CORL area (Manu road).
Short-billed Chlorospingus (Chlorospingus parvirostris). Seen at CORL area (Manu road).
Yellow-throated Chlorospingus (Chlorospingus flavigularis). Fairly common in humid montane forest. Common in mixed-species flocks. Seen at Pillahuata and CORL area (Manu road).
Ashy-throated Chlorospingus (Chlorospingus canigularis). Seen at Pillahuata area (Manu road).
CARDINALS AND ALLIES
Red-crowned Ant-Tanager (Habia rubica). Seen at MWC.
Golden Grosbeak (Pheucticus chrysogaster). Seen around Pillahuata.
Black-backed Grosbeak (Pheucticus aureoventris). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Amazonian Grosbeak (Cyanoloxia rothschildii). At Villa Carmen.
NEW WORLD WARBLERS
Tropical Parula (Setophaga pitiayumi). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Citrine Warbler (Myiothlypis luteoviridis). Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road).
Pale-legged Warbler (Myiothlypis signata). Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road).
Buff-rumped Warbler (Myiothlypis fulvicauda). Heard only, at Amazonia Lodge.
Two-banded Warbler (Myiothlypis bivittata). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Cuzco Warbler (Myiothlypis chrysogaster). Seen below Rocotal. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) treated the northern subspecies chlorophrys as a separate species – Choco Warbler - from Myiothlypis chrysogaster based on differences in descriptions of songs; see Zimmer (1949) for rationale for considering them sister taxa. This Golden–bellied Warbler becomes a Peruvian endemic. ENDEMIC.
Three-striped Warbler (Basileuterus tristriatus). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Range Restricted.
Slate-throated Redstart (Myioborus miniatus). Common in humid montane forest.
Spectacled Redstart (Myioborus melanocephalus). Common in humid montane forest.
BLACKBIRDS, ORIOLES, AND OROPENDOLAS
Crested Oropendola (Psarocolius decumanus). Seen several times in the foothills and lowlands.
Dusky-green Oropendola (Psarocolius atrovirens). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Russet-backed Oropendola (Psarocolius angustifrons). Common in the Amazon. Seen on 11 consecutive days.
Olive Oropendola (Psarocolius bifasciatus). Seen at the tower at Manu Wildlife Center.
Casqued Cacique (Cacicus oseryi). Seen at CORL.
Yellow-rumped Cacique (Cacicus cela). Common in the Amazon. Seen on 10 consecutive days.
Mountain Cacique (Cacicus chrysonotus). Seen below Wayquecha.
Orange-backed Troupial (Icterus croconotus). Seen at Villa Carmen and in the lowlands.
Pale-eyed Blackbird (Agelasticus xanthophthalmus). Seen at Cocha Blanco and Camungo (oxbow lake). Range Restricted.
Yellow-winged Blackbird (Agelasticus thilius). At Huacarpay.
Giant Cowbird (Molothrus oryzivorus). Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. A brood parasite.
FINCHES, EUPHONIAS, AND ALLIES
Hooded Siskin (Spinus magellanicus). Seen at Huacarpay and on the way to Paucartambo.
Olivaceous Siskin (Spinus olivaceus). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
White-lored Euphonia (Euphonia chrysopasta). Seen at MWC tower.
Purple-throated Euphonia (Euphonia chlorotica). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Orange-bellied Euphonia (Euphonia xanthogaster). Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Rufous-bellied Euphonia (Euphonia rufiventris). Seen at MWC.